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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……
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至于性毛病,更是老中难于启齿、欲语还羞的尴尬。见到洋医生,窘迫万分,不知如何开口才是,真有「犹抱琵琶半遮面」的感受。 ( |6 V9 u% A; r/ e( C, e
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以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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/ l, H) Q0 h$ M; X4 R 厕所
; @, R* L; y+ Z F$ z2 z 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 & n5 u, r' Y" n: H2 E1 @+ c- W2 |
2 a# N" p' ^# j* k 解小便 7 b% t& ]4 i a$ B" Y
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:「Will (could) you urinate in this cup?」医生或许也会问:「Do you have trouble urinating?」=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: + y* U; }- X) K3 |
4 c& t0 E5 a$ ~: S7 Z& v * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. . ^5 q5 W0 N3 u5 [
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 8 ^4 u2 P5 p! i& h
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: $ S; B& D! V) k% c
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* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.(在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。)
- Y8 k6 Z6 \& ^( J. v% @ * He went to the john a few minutes ago.(他在几分钟前上了厕所。) 4 T3 p; K/ Y% [/ {
* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.(劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。)
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 5 `5 T- f4 W& ^' j. G
3 m- C! T3 p; C * The boy needs to pee.
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% a+ M8 V, g& T% ^. C3 I5 H5 K 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。 例如: $ H) o* Q( x+ K6 u& ` F
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* Do I need a urine test? ( o8 x; k/ O5 @) t# U1 Q/ O7 C
C K! n+ S" T/ C$ n 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 1 \1 x# c& `5 X2 _
9 |! o, h5 W/ j! g& L4 h * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
# e- N4 U% a. m# ^1 f9 Q * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) , g8 Z7 l! E: o# h. g4 H
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
) [" ^9 K, \. h3 T* v * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
2 v+ f: h/ }: }1 l* X4 ~* b * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ; \1 a1 z8 m8 ]5 w4 u
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
6 b$ [/ j: Z, x+ q& w9 ?+ `& W * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) + O Z$ Z) L) A+ j8 q# A/ B7 n* N) N
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解大便 1 w0 B) e4 w1 K& ^
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是「大肠在转动」) & V! z5 }7 h) w7 ?9 C, }
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此外,还有其他的说法: to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
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) k% b8 d. D8 `8 X * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ) T; q6 v7 ?. O) H, j' b1 f
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
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* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) , D' _4 ? @- ?% w+ f9 d
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
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* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 1 a a( A: K/ `$ `: G5 n" f, n' `7 ~
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放屁
+ w* @4 N7 i' d0 ^/ n X/ I8 c 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 例如: , I: z( W( g! }/ l1 d7 E, c2 `" ^, b
; |( A' {2 [1 v) S. X5 p3 _ * 医生有时问:「How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?」(你放屁的次数很多吗?)
: S4 H/ f0 h' s* ~, u4 o1 k/ D * Is the gas expelled by belching?(是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?)(动词是 belch) ! r q+ X8 ]* Z
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.(吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。)
2 F- c, X# [" W4 v4 c * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.(过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。)
% T7 @+ E3 z k& R5 ^ * Be careful not to fart in the public.(注意在公共场所不可放屁。) : ~- [3 |5 q% q" I
$ m- X) u3 m) f 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
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5 O$ {" }; z: o) E |6 L# {$ E% N * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 3 B0 h# g$ X* X; \# P: Z8 B
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(注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
# z* h. R4 Y/ i( O# X# x0 Y% ^ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.(胃不舒服有两星期了。)
6 \9 A4 F7 P8 ~8 X# F. Q! h * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)(他经常便秘。) 或
) `3 c0 p, Q' \ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
1 g2 ^3 r4 Q; t5 _ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
8 ^( m, z4 H$ n% H& A; | * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. * y8 }% z, X) v9 ?
* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.(他拉了一阵肚子。) 8 @3 Z0 x1 t. Z( y+ G
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)(大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。) |
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